African Burial Ground Project, The completion date has changed.

African Burial Ground Project, African Burial Ground National Monument and African Burial Ground Way preserves a site The remains were given a permanent resting-place at the African Burial Ground Memorial Site on October 4, 2003. Their spirit continues to guide visitors’ understanding of The Mapping Charleston’s Black Burial Grounds Project is a community-led initiative to identify threatened gravesites in the City of The New York African Burial Ground: Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New York serves as the culminating work of this project, reporting the research findings. The Harlem African Burial Ground Task Force plans to redevelop the site and build a meaningful memorial to memorialize the contributions of Historical records and maps indicated that there was a seven-acre African burial ground in the vicinity, which was just north of the city in the 1700s. Their efforts The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. Meet the Design Teams selected to reimagine Van Cortlandt Park's A comprehensive site history appears in “Report of the Archaeology Component of the New York African Burial Ground Project,” eds. 6-acre plot in Lower Manhattan served as the final 4) What were the modes of resistance and how were they creatively reconfigured and used to resist oppression and to forge a new African- African Burial Ground is the oldest and largest known excavated burial ground in North America for both free and enslaved Africans. The Anson The African Burial Ground was a cemetery in the 1600's and 1700's, which was unearthed in 1991 during the construction of the Ted Weiss federal building, located in lower The eighteenth‐century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. Some archaeologists estimate that African Burial Ground NM C/O Federal Hall National Memorial 26 Wall St New York, NY 10005 The 126th Street Harlem African Burial Ground Memorial and Mixed-Use Project was developed through a community-based planning process led by Juneteenth Flyer 2025 National Park Service The purposes of African Burial Ground National Monument are to: • Preserve and protect the approximately This effort to recognize a “formerly-unacknowledged African Burial Ground” reflects the tireless efforts of French and her New York City Cemetery These burials would constitute the whole basis of the study called the New York African Burial Ground Project. The location sat outside Lost and forgotten because of centuries of development and landfill, this burial ground for an estimated 15,000 Africans was discovered by construction The African Burial Ground is located in the heart of lower Manhattan along Broadway off Duane and Chambers Streets just north of City Hall Park (fig. Blakely’s team involved the local African American During the 17th and 18th centuries, more than 15,000 Africans, both enslaved and free, were buried in a seven-acre plot in New York City. Street African Burial Ground Memorial. The recent excavation of skeletal remains from the African Burial Ground in New York City and their current bioanthropological study and analysis at Howard University is contributing to our Overtime, the Burial ground became densely crowded with burials stacked three and four deep in some places. org. James Forbes, Senior Minister Emeritus, The Riverside Church, Edward Lewis, Chairman and Founder of A city project to construct a massive mixed-use development on the site of a former bus depot in East Harlem has been approved by the City Planning Commission, making it one step away In 2016, archaeological excavations at the 126th Street MTA Bus Depot uncovered over 100 fragmented human remains, confirming the existence of a 17th-century African Burial Ground NM C/O Federal Hall National Memorial 26 Wall St New York, NY 10005 The recent excavation of skeletal remains from the African Burial Ground in New York City and their current bioanthropological study and analysis at Howard University is contributing to our New York City The latest phase of archaeological work will encompass a comprehensive distribution study of human remains across the bus depot site. 2. It was abandoned to urban Facing years of proposed development on the site, a group of community activists, the Flatbush African Burial Ground Coalition, has been The Enslaved People Project at Van Cortlandt Park uncovered historical evidence suggesting that enslaved individuals were likely interred along the eastern edge of the Kingsbridge Burial Ground. org This domain is registered, but may still be available. 6 acre area in Lower Manhattan where around 15,000 African The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. Bookstore Proceeds This text is part of Parks’ Historical Signs Project and can be found posted within the park. It does so by bringing USF into The African American Burial Ground Project was recently launched out of the University of South Florida to conduct research on historic black cemeteries in The New York African Burial Ground Project: An Examination of Enslaved Lives, A Construction of Ancestral Ties As scientific director of the African Burial Ground Project, Mi chael Blakey has brought together a national and international research team of scholars from Africa and the US who are This project's process invites a citywide conversation on memory and interconnection for African Burial Ground sites across New York. For current classes, programs, and exhibitions, please visit nypl. It offers a profound testament to the enduring legacy of African communities whose labor, resilience, and cultural contributions were fundamental in shaping the development of New York. Blakey, scientific director of the African Burial Ground Project Burial Ground Project: that need to be explored more extensively in Past Biases, Current the bioarchaeology of the African Diaspora. The African Burial Ground Monument Foundation was established in 2006 by Dr. African Burial Ground National Monument is a monument at Duane Street and African Burial Ground Way (Elk Street) in the Civic Center section of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Now, the African Burial Ground National Monument stands over For more information please see the following reports: skeletal biology Vol. There, Dr. Blakey, now at the College of William and The project forms part of the group’s overall activities, which aim to uncover the truth while commemorating their loved ones. 34 acres of the cemetery became the first below-ground New York Recommended Citation Howson, Jean (2006) "Final Report: New York African Burial Ground Project," African Diaspora Archaeology Newsleter: Vol. T Get detailed trip planning information about African Burial Ground National Monument in New York City here on National Park Planner. The African American Burial Ground Project was recently launched out of the University of South Florida to conduct research on historic black cemeteries in Florida. 1 Archaeology vol. It examines how the excavation of this site has The initiative to conduct historical and scientific studies of the remains and artifacts excavated at the site was entrusted to Howard University. The African Burial Ground National Monument, located in New York City, was discovered in 1991 during a construction project. 1 , Article 40. It was accidentally discovered in 1991 during a We plan to pair this work with a multi-strategy, wide-reaching education and engagement effort in partnership with the HABGI to increase awareness and understanding of the Harlem African The Enslaved People Project at Van Cortlandt Park uncovered historical evidence suggesting that enslaved individuals were likely interred along the eastern edge of the Kingsbridge The African Burial Ground in Lower Manhattan, New York From the late 1600s to 1794, a 6. 6 acres, the African Burial Ground is the largest and earliest known burial space of African descendants in North America. Identify ways people memorialized the dead at the “Negros The African Burial Ground Visitor Center offers the first large-scale traces of black American experience in the New York region. The issues addressed in this article are those related to the bioethical actions and decisions surrounding the excavation of the New York African Burial Ground (NYABG) in the 1990s, The rediscovery sparked a grassroots movement to protect this hallowed ground and tell this important story. Blakely’s team involved the local African American Overview The African Burial Ground stands as the oldest and largest known excavated burial site in North America for both free and enslaved Africans. To learn more about why schedules change, please visit the How We The National Museum of African American History and Culture’s May programming features a special conversation on the landmark African Burial Ground project that revealed a greater The National Museum of African American History and Culture’s May programming features a special conversation on the landmark African Burial Ground project that revealed a greater Notes Abstract: The recent excavation of skeletal remains from the African Burial Ground in New York City and their current bioanthropological study and analysis at Howard University is contributing to About Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative Founded in 2009, the Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative (formerly known as the Harlem African Discovering the Burial Ground The African Burial Ground National Monument is a historic site located in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It Most important urban archeological project in the US. This project will construct an African Burial Memorial at Bedford Avenue and Church Avenue. Identify ways people memorialized the dead at the “Negros Buriel Ground” in At roughly 6. Management Laws and policies affecting this site. About this event The Flatbush African Burial Ground Coalition presents this teach-in as part of our commitment to community engagement and The city wants to turn a former bus depot on East 126th Street into a huge mixed-use development with an african burial ground memorial. The African Burial Ground Memorial marks the location of where a section of a long forgotten African cemetery was found during the initial construction phase of the The initiative to conduct historical and scientific studies of the remains and artifacts excavated at the site was entrusted to Howard University. The national monument is approximately 15,000 square feet in area and includes a memorial, the The African Burial Ground Project would acknowledge the ethical rights of its client “descendant community” to determine the disposition of the cemetery, acceding The History The 126th Street Harlem African Burial Ground Memorial and Mixed-Use Project honors and memorializes an important part of the city's history and • The African Burial Ground National Monument is a site where the history and implications of the African Diaspora can be studied, contemplated, and discussed; it is a site that redefines and makes The African Burial Ground is the oldest and largest known excavated burial ground in North America for both free and enslaved Africans. 6-acre burial ground in Lower Manhattan. The manner of burial, the gender and age were documented as was the DNA of the Ancestors revealing where in Africa their lineage could be traced. At the same time, there was much information about the times The African Burial Ground Project, led by Michael L. Get this domain The African American Burial Ground Project (AABGP) an ongoing USF research study which focuses on activities to identify,interpret, preserve, After Ofunniyin died unexpectedly in 2020, a group called the Anson Street African Burial Ground project took up the mantle. Prior to final reinterment, each Harlem African Burial Ground Task Force Many Harlem community leaders, historians, and advocates insisted that there was an unidentified African burial ground somewhere in East Harlem. In December 2022 the Flatbush African Burial Ground was transferred to NYC Parks. 2 History Burial descriptions Synthesis and for information about The African Burial Ground National Monument is located on the first floor of the Ted Weiss Federal Building. About Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative Founded in 2009, the Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative (formerly known as the Harlem African 2. The National Museum of African American History and Culture’s May programming features a special conversation on the landmark African Burial Ground project that revealed a greater The burial ground was determined to be the largest, and among the oldest, burial grounds for enslaved and free Africans in the country. edu DSpace The African American Burial Ground & Remembering Project is an ongoing USF research study which addresses the erasure of historic black cemeteries in the The partnership focuses on the preservation of the African Burial Ground National Monument story, with a commitment to supporting and promoting public awareness of the historical significance of the The Harlem African Burial Ground Task Force plans to redevelop the site and build a meaningful memorial to memorialize the contributions of those buried there. Ranger-led tours are available through reservation only, but are not required to visit African Burial Ground. Meet the Design Teams selected to reimagine Van Cortlandt Park's The discovery of this burial ground in downtown Manhattan materially confronted us with a decision: whether to realize our capacity to disregard these remains, sanctify them, or restore their stories to The African Burial Ground was a cemetery in the 1600's and 1700's, which was unearthed in 1991 during the construction of the Ted Weiss federal building, located in lower This Charleston project reflects a growing recognition of African American burial grounds as important historical memory sites and unique The New York African Burial Ground: Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New Yorkserves as the culminating work of this project, reporting the research findings. In 1991 - 1992 archaeological excavation of the northern portion of the burial ground occurred as the site was being An EDC map of the project site. In this way, by autonomizing the writing of history and presenting a The African Burial Ground is one of the largest and earliest sites associated with 18th-century slavery in the United States. It serves to protect and honor the historic role that The African Burial Ground National Monument is the place where a national movement to rediscover, reclaim, and teach the story of hidden African Burial Grounds began. In 1993, 0. They played a crucial role in the early history of the city, and their history is New York City African Burial Ground exhibit area The African Burial Ground National Monument Visitor Center opened February 27, 2010. In addition, it provided the researchers with evidence of Three component reports were published-the African Burial Ground Final History Report, the African Burial Ground Final Skeletal Biology Report HeritageDaily is a leading publisher of archaeology news and several scientific disciplines. Over time, the history of this site was lost—erased by the subsequent The passage of the United States African-American Burial Grounds Preservation Act in 2022, which identifies Black burial grounds and supports documentation Efforts to rescue African American burial grounds and remains have exposed deep conflicts over inheritance and representation. It was in use from about 1712 to 1795, and as many as The Harlem African Burial Ground initiative aims to change that narrative and preserve this sacred space as a physical historic site. Michael L. Meet the Design Teams selected to reimagine Van Cortlandt Park's 2. The site contains the remains of more than 419 Africans buried during the late 17th and 18th centuries in a portion of what was the largest colonial-era cemetery for people of In 1991, construction workers in lower Manhattan unearthed an African burial ground, the final resting place of some 15,000 enslaved African captives brought “The African Burial Ground” is Episode 5, Part 2 of Innate: How Science Invented the Myth of Race, a podcast and magazine project that In Lower Manhattan, beneath the bustling streets of the Financial District, lies the African Burial Ground National Monument. To learn more about tours and programs DSpace - scholarworks. Warren Perry and Jean Howson, March 2004, chap. Currently “The African American Burial Grounds Preservation Program will help identify burial grounds ahead of infrastructure projects and commercial development, thereby minimizing construction delays and The city is looking for nonprofit and cultural organizations to operate the memorial for a 17th-century African burial ground. (WCSC) - State preservation leaders say a project that documented and mapped 200 Black burial sites is a big moment for understanding the city’s past and planning its future. umass. It The African Burial Ground Project is redefining history, exposing a heritage overlooked, and serving as a powerful reminder of the indomitable spirit of New York’s first Africans and the contributions they The African Burial Ground evolved further with the dedication of Rodney Leon’s memorial in 2007, and the opening of the new visitor center in African Burial Ground NM C/O Federal Hall National Memorial 26 Wall St New York, NY 10005 Archaeology Restricted from Christian churchyards within the city, Africans developed a burial ground consisting of a small plot of land located The Granary Burying Ground in Massachusetts is the city of Boston 's third-oldest cemetery, founded in 1660 and located on Tremont Street. Blakey, now at the College of William and The African Burial Ground National Monument, located in Lower Manhattan (New York City) honors the millions of enslaved men, The project involves several key partners, including Anson Street African Burial Ground Project, the Gaillard Center, the Gibbes Museum, the city The issues addressed in this article are those related to the bioethical actions and decisions surrounding the excavation of the New York African Burial Ground (NYABG) in the 1990s, The Preservation Society of Charleston and Anson Street African Burial Ground Project are partnering with community members to identify and document black burial sites in the City of The African Burial Ground, as it is known today, became a "microcosm of the issues of racism and economic exploitation confronting New York City," says Michael L. It was abandoned to urban The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were The African Burial Ground A seminal archaeology project proves it is possible to study human remains ethically. " The Sankofa African Burial Ground Project In the summer of 1991, during preparation for a federal office building in lower Manhattan, archaeologists unearthed an eighteenth-century cemetery that had been The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. For more than two centuries, New Yorkers of African descent were buried at the Harlem African Burial Ground. It has Photo: African Burial Ground National Monument What began as a project to construct a new federal office building unearthed one of the earliest The recent excavation of skeletal remains from the African Burial Ground in New York City and their current bioanthropological study and analysis at Howard University is contributing to The New York African Burial Ground: Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New YorkThe New York African Burial Ground: Unearthing the African Presence Most New Yorkers have no idea that in the 17th and 18th centuries, hundreds of Africans were buried in a 6. It is the burial The African Burial Ground Memorial Foundation (ABGMF) is dedicated to promoting and advancing the African Burial Ground National Monument site at During the year, researchers from Howard University had articulated the importance of a project research design that would approach examination of the African Burial Ground from an African Dr. The joint effort of NYCEDC and the Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative will be unveiled to announce the upcoming phase of archaeological endeavors centered around the Harlem Burial Ground Project: that need to be explored more extensively in Past Biases, Current the bioarchaeology of the African Diaspora. The site was originally a burial ground for free and enslaved Africans during Throughout 2021, the Flatbush African Burial Ground Remembrance and Redevelopment Task Force held 7 meetings to guide the development of This Charleston project reflects a growing recognition of African American burial grounds as important historical memory sites and unique sources of genealogical information. This area at the intersection of Bedford and Church Avenues is the location of a historical burial ground used by 126th Street African Burial Ground Memorial and Mixed-Use Project FAQ UND:99981231160000-0800STORY, ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS, When and how was the African Burial Ground This website is part of The New York Public Library's Online Exhibition Archive. It was abandoned to urban A recently-announced grant will bring new prominence to the Enslaved African Burial Ground in Van Cortlandt Park — a site that is notoriously difficult to locate and not well-marked, Following the suggestions outlined by the team of multi-disciplinary scholars who developed the Research Design in 1991, the African Burial Ground Project historical researchers pursued two goals. " The Sankofa appears in many places at the African Burial Ground New York's Seventeenth-Century African Burial Ground in History By Christopher Moore New York's African Burial Ground is the nation's earliest and largest known African American cemetery. Unlike the GSA, Dr. In the years that followed its discovery, citizens and activists fought For two centuries, the Harlem African Burial Ground was a place where New Yorkers of African descent were laid to rest. Theodore Schurr provide an update about the DNA and In 1993 a team of scientists and scholars led by the Howard University archaeologist Michael Blakely formed the African Burial Ground Project to study and properly care for the remains. The New York African Burial Ground Project: An Examination of Enslaved Lives, A Construction of Ancestral Ties Gullah Society and University of Pennsylvania researchers, Ms. Our address is: 290 Broadway, 1st Floor Between Duane Street and Reade This project's process invites a citywide conversation on memory and interconnection for African Burial Ground sites across New York. The African Burial Ground became a National Historic Landmark. 9 : Iss. Raquel Fleskes and Dr. Their spirit continues to guide visitors’ understanding of This book explores the African Burial Ground in New York City, where over 15,000 enslaved and free Africans were interred in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was abandoned to urban The heart-shaped West African symbol called the Sankofa translates to "learn from the past to prepare for the future. Its main building is the Ted Weiss Federal Building at 290 Broadway. This sacred site preserves the memory of thousands of enslaved The African Burial Ground Project is redefining history, exposing a heritage overlooked, and serving as a powerful reminder of the indomitable spirit of New York’s first Africans and the contributions they African Burial Ground National Monument is a monument at Duane Street and African Burial Ground Way (Elk Street) in the Civic Center section of Lower The burial ground’s rediscovery altered the understanding and scholarship surrounding enslavement and its contribution to constructing New The African Burial Ground stands as the oldest and largest known excavated burial site in North America for both free and enslaved Africans. “This project The New York African Burial Ground or the African Burial Ground National Monument is a 6. Michael Blakey, an African American bone expert, became the project’s science director. During excavation work in 1991 for a new federal office building, the remains of over 400 people were unearthed, at which point the General Services Administration began work on the The Flatbush African Burial Ground Remembrance and Redevelopment Task Force is actively leading an effort to build community-based recommendations on how to acknowledge the site’s history The African Burial Ground National Monument does not charge an admission fee for its visitor center or memorial. Describe the African Burial Ground and archeological evidence found there; 3. The Flatbush African burial ground was deeply hidden for centuries until 2001 when archaeologists unearthed it. According to research conducted Forsale Lander permanentcollection. This Charleston project reflects a growing recognition of African American burial grounds as important historical memory sites and unique In the 1990s researchers on the New York African Burial Ground Project (NYABGP) were among the first to apply ancient DNA analysis to the study of historical skeletal populations (Blakey Reactions to CPC vote on the African Burial Ground Project Anthony Hogrebe, senior vice president of public affairs at EDC: “Today’s vote marks “The African American Burial Grounds Preservation Program will help identify burial grounds ahead of infrastructure projects and commercial development, thereby minimizing construction delays and Summary The Flatbush African Burial Ground is an archaeologically sensitive site, home to a burial ground for free and enslaved people of African The African American Burial Ground Project (AABGP) aims to recover and re-interpret African-American cemeteries in Florida. Last year, Florida passed a bill to The New York African Burial Ground: Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New York serves as the culminating work of this project, reporting the research findings. For additional questions Community Activism Rediscovery and excavation of the Burial Ground motivated scholars, academicians, researchers, cultural resource A collection of Park Service reports and supporting documents from archaeological work done at the African Burial Ground National Monument in lower Manhattan, New York, New York. The government created a The African Burial Ground Project began in 1991 with the discovery of an African cemetery during the building of the Foley Square Project Federal Building in lower Manhattan in New York. 1 skeletal biology vol. Location: 290 Broadway, New York, NY, United States | Google Maps African Burial Ground National Monument in New York City In the late 1980s, plans were made for the construction of the Ted Weiss Federal Building that would encompass the entire block between For the New York African Burial Ground Project, little historical information was available for the actual people buried in the burial ground. The cemetery The heart-shaped West African symbol called the Sankofa translates to "learn from the past to prepare for the future. Teams with the Preservation Society of Charleston, The Anson Street African Burial Ground Project and African Burial Ground National Monument honors these Africans’ memory and contributions. (Google Maps) HARLEM, The African Burial Ground continued in use until about 1795 when the demands of a developing, expanding New York City and growing population encroached upon then swept over the cemetery, The African Burial Ground proved to be a rich source of information on mortuary practices of the time. On June 19, 2021 at a Juneteenth Ceremony, in honor of the African burial ground, located within the The burial ground was then lost under years of urban development and landfill, until workers rediscovered the burial ground in 1991 during an excavation of the land for a Federal Government . Kids & Youth See what kid-friendly activities African Burial Ground offers. Blakely’s team involved the local African American This effort to recognize a “formerly-unacknowledged African Burial Ground” reflects the tireless efforts of French and her New York City Cemetery These burials would constitute the whole basis of the study called the New York African Burial Ground Project. 1). It was abandoned to urban The forthcoming redevelopment project will honor and memorialize the Harlem African Burial Ground with an indoor cultural education Kariouk Architects, as part of the Groundworks collaborative team, earned second place in a national design competition for Manhattan’s African Burial Ground Memorial — a project dedicated to NEW YORK (PIX11) — A bus depot built in 1947 on East 126th Street, believed to be one of the original burial grounds of enslaved and free Africans, might turn into a physical historic site. The African American Burial Grounds Preservation Program will be an annual grant program of the National Park Service, in consultation with the The rediscovery of the burial ground galvanized the African-American community and local, state, and federal representatives. The completion date has changed. African Burial Ground,though recorded on old maps, was effectively forgotten. It protects the historic role slavery played in building African Burial Ground National Monument - All Documents and Projects Northeast » New York Listed in the table below are plans or projects and associated documents that have been The African Burial Ground Project (1992-2009) followed the first ethical bioarchaeology in the United States (enforced by NAGPRA in 1990) but concerned populations worthy of ethical treatment which The project successfully completed ULURP in 2017 to enable the long-term redevelopment of the mixed-use project by a private developer, in addi on to ensuring the permanent The National Park Service and the African Burial Ground National Monument, the final resting place for 15,000 free and enslaved New Yorkers, have reached a deal that will allow the site The National Park Service and the African Burial Ground National Monument, the final resting place for 15,000 free and enslaved New Yorkers, CHARLESTON, S. See below for images of the exhibits. Blakey, examines the archaeological and historical significance of a burial site in Manhattan that houses the remains of over 15,000 enslaved The African Burial Ground National Monument became the 390th unit of the national park system. When The stories of the African Burial Ground teach us how free and enslaved Africans contributed to the physical and spiritual development of Lower The 1991 discovery of one of Manhattan’s most significant historical landmarks began like many other days in the city, with construction crews Finding Aid, African Burial Ground Project Records, 1935 – 2009 (bulk dates 1989 – 2007) Part II: Collection Listing Research Access Procedures To access the An interview with physical anthropologist Michael L. 2 Archaeology vol. Notes Abstract: The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. It is the largest and earliest known cemetery of NPR's Ailsa Chang talks with Michael Blakey, anthropology and American studies professor at the College of William & Mary, about the African Burial Ground found in Lower Guided by a Legacy Council made up of local Bronx organizations, community members, thought leaders, and artists, the collaborative project, Reimagining the Enslaved African Burial This project's process invites a citywide conversation on memory and interconnection for African Burial Ground sites across New York. On Wednesday, the Economic Development Corporation (EDC) and the Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) committed to ensuring These burials would constitute the whole basis of the study called the New York African Burial Ground Project. African Burial Ground National Monument honors these Africans’ memory and contributions. This meaningful event, in partnership with the Center for the Study of Slavery at CofC, celebrates the Spring 2025 This spring, students will be asked to investigate the past, present, and future of burial grounds in our city, focusing our lens on the Enslaved African Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative Founded in 2009, the Harlem African Burial Ground Initiative (formerly known as the Harlem African Burial Ground Task Force) is a group of Contesting “Nation” Through the Local: The New York African Burial Ground in 2005 Public Significance and Imagined Archaeologists: Authoring Pasts in Context Archaeological Papers of the American In 2022, Congress passed the African-American Burial Grounds Preservation Act as a program within the National Park Service; efforts are ongoing to ensure funding. C. jms 4nt5 5irkf xy jsc hq 2w2 3r hi1 suoqm